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Early disease detection and management are essential to ensuring continued viability of the U.S. citrus industry. Rapid communication of new diseases, significant outbreaks, and accurate information are vital. Many diseases are difficult to distinguish from one another or disease symptoms mimic disorder symptoms. Images and description of diseases are helpful in making a correct diagnosis.

Citrus Diseases App is a symptom-based, illustrated identification guide that encompasses citrus diseases that are in the United States as well as those of immediate concern. Search categories in the app include: scientific name, other common names, disease cycle, symptoms, host range, references, and distribution. Fact sheets also include information on other diseases which may be easily confused with a suspect citrus disease. Citrus Diseases App is designed to be used by United States quarantine officials and Cooperative Extension personnel.

Citrus Diseases App is the hand-held application component of Citrus Diseases. Citrus Diseases is a LUCID® tool available at: http://idtools.org/id/citrus/diseases/ . Citrus Diseases and Citrus Diseases App are a component of the Citrus Resource. Development of the Citrus Diseases LUCID tool was funded by USDA-APHIS-PPQ. Conversion of the Citrus Diseases tool to a hand-held identification application was funded through USDA-NIFA grant no. 2011-41533-31090 entitled "New Technologies and Educational Material to Address National Emerging Citrus Pests and Citrus Diseases" to the University of Florida/IFAS Extension. Citrus Disease App is a partnership between the University of Florida, Texas A&M University, the University of California-Riverside, and USDA-APHIS-PPQ.

Citrus Diseases Tool Authors Include:

David Serrano, PhD
Assistant Professor
Broward College

Esther Serrano, DPM
Entomologist
USDA-APHIS-PPQ

Megan Dewdney, PhD
Assistant Professor of Plant Pathology
University of Florida

Christina Southwick
USDA-APHIS-PPQ-CPHST
Fort Collins Laboratory

Matthew Trice (USDA Identification Technology Program) was responsible for web development of Citrus Diseases.

Citrus Diseases App is a hand-held modified version of Citrus Diseases. For questions or concerns regarding the technical functionality of Citrus Diseases App, please contact UF/IFAS IT help@ifas.ufl.edu or Project Coordinator Amanda Hodges achodges@ufl.edu.

Citrus Diseases Web App is the hand-held web application component of Citrus Diseases. Citrus Diseases is a LUCID® tool available at: http://idtools.org/id/citrus/diseases/. Citrus Pests and Citrus Pests web apps are components of the Citrus Resources tool. Development of the Citrus Diseases LUCID tool was funded by USDA-APHIS-PPQ. Conversion of the Citrus Diseases tool to a hand-held identification application was funded through USDA-NIFA grant no. 2011-41533-31090 entitled "New Technologies and Educational Material to Address National Emerging Citrus Pests and Citrus Diseases" to the University of Florida/IFAS Extension. Citrus Disease Web App is a partnership between the University of Florida/IFAS Extension, Texas A&M University, the University of California-Riverside, and USDA-APHIS-PPQ.


We would like to thank following for project support and web development support:

Project Director: Dr. Amanda Hodges

Dr. Amanda Hodges, Ph.D.
Associate Extension Scientist
Doctor of Plant Medicine (DPM) Director
Department of Entomology
University of Florida
Gainesville, FL 32611
achodges@ufl.edu

Project Director: Dr. Norman Leppla

Dr. Norman Leppla, Ph.D.
Professor of Entomology
Integrated Pest Management Program Director
Department of Entomology
University of Florida
Gainesville, FL 32611
ncleppla@ufl.edu

Project Director: Dr. Elizabeth Grafton-Cardwell

Dr. Elizabeth Grafton-Cardwell, Ph.D.
Extension Specialist and Center Director
LindcoveResearch and Extension Center
Kearney Agriculture Center
9240 South River end,Parlier, CA 93648

Project Director: Dr. Mamoudou Setamou

Dr. Mamoudou Setamou, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Texas A&M University
KingsvilleCitrus Center
312 N International Blvd, Weslaco, TX 78596

Project Coordinator: Dr. Gurpreet S. Brar

Dr. Gurpreet S. Brar, Ph.D
Post-Doctoral Associate
The Biosecurity Research & Extension (BRE) lab
Department of Entomology
University of Florida
Gainesville, FL 32611
gpsbrar@ufl.edu

Application Developer : Navya Kooram

Navya Kooram, M.S.
Software Application Developer
IFAS Information Technology
University of Florida
Gainesville, FL 32611
help@ifas.ufl.edu

Graphic designer: Kay Weigel

Kay Weigel
Department of Entomology and Nematology
University of Florida
Gainesville, FL 32611


We would like to thank the following people:

Key Collaborators

We would like to thank following for project key collaborators for the project support:

  • Megan M. Dewdney, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, University of Florida, Citrus Researchand Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
  • Patrick Gomes, National Coordinator, Citrus Health Response Program, APHIS, USDA, PPQ, 920 Main Campus Drive, Suite 200, Raleigh, NC 27606
  • Gregory S. Hodges, Ph.D. Bureau Chief, Entomology, Plant Pathology, andNematology, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, 1911 SW 34th Street, Gainesville, FL 32608
  • Michael E. Rogers, Ph.D., Associate Professor, University of Florida, Citrus Researchand Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
  • Terrence Walters, Ph.D., ITP Coordinator, USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, 2301 ResearchBoulevard, Suite 108, Fort Collins, CO 80526

Key personnel

We would like to thank following for project key personnel for the project support:

  • Stephanie D. Stocks, M.S.
    Assistant-In
    Protect U.S. Coordinator
    University of Florida
    Department of Entomology and Nematology
    Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611

Images' Contributors

The Citrus Diseases Tool was greatly enhanced in its value and usability by the addition of several hundreds of images provided by several contributors. Acknowledgements from the Citrus Diseases Tool, listed below, also apply to the Citrus Diseases App. Contributors to the Citrus Diseases Tool include:

  • Ron Brlansky, Jim Graham, Michael E. Rogers, and L. W. "Pete" Timmer from the University of Florida (UFL), Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC)
  • MaryLou Polek, Citrus Research Board (CRB), California
  • David Ezra, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Israel
  • A.A. Seif, icipe (African Insect Science for Food and Health), Nairobi, Kenya
  • Antonio Vicent, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Spain
  • Melike Yurtmen, Plant Protection Research Institute, Adana, Turkey
  • Paul Chaloux, Hilda Gomez, Tim Gottwald, Charla Hollingsworth, Richard Lee, Tim Riley, Dan Robl, Ray Yokomi, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Molecular Diagnostic Lab from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Several images were used with the permission of:

Factsheet Assistance

A special thank you goes out to David Ezra, Ray Yokomi and Melike Yurtmen for lending their expertise and providing fact sheets of diseases and keying those diseases, which were added later in the tool development process.

Other Contributors

John da Graca (Texas A&M University), Tim Gottwald, L. W. "Pete" Timmer, Jim Graham, Bacilio Salas (USDA), and MaryLou Polek helped by providing their expertise and knowledge.


The references provided for Citrus Diseases App are the literature sources used in developing the Citrus Diseases tool and do not constitute, nor are they intended to be, a complete bibliographic or summary account of the known literature for any of the families in the tool.

Baayan, R.P., Meffert, J.P. Bonants, P.J.M., Carroll, G.C. and Kox, L.F.F. 2009. Guignardia citricarpa. EPPO Bulletin 39: 318-327.

Brown, G.E. 1994. Anthracnose (PP136). Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/CH/CH11200.pdf.

Brown, G.E. and Eckert, J.W. 2000. Anthracnose. In Timmer, L.W., Garnsey, S.M. and Graham, J.H. (eds.) Compendium of Citrus Diseases. APS Press, St. Paul MN. pp. 37-38.

Chalkey, D.. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Invasive Fungi. Angular leaf spot of Citrus - Pseudocercospora angolensis. Retrieved March 9, 2011, from /sbmlweb/fungi/index.cfm. http://nt.ars-grin.gov/taxadescriptions/factsheets/pdfPrintFile.cfm?thisApp=Pseudocercosporaangolensis

Dewdney, M.M. and Timmer, L.W. 2009. Citrus production and diseases in Ghana. Citrus Industry 90(5): 10-13.

Dewdney, M.M. and Timmer L.W. 2009. Alternaria brown spot (PP152). Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/CH017.

Everett, K.R. and Rees-George, J. 2006. Species-specific PCR primers for Guignardia citricarpa and Guignardia mangiferae. New Zealand Plant Protection 59:141-145.

Gottwald, T.R. and Graham, J.H. 2000. Bacterial Spot. In Timmer, L.W., Garnsey, S.M. and Graham, J.H. (eds.) Compendium of Citrus Diseases. APS Press, St. Paul MN. pp. 7-8.

Kotzé, J.M. 2000. Black spot. In Timmer, L.W., Garnsey, S.M. and Graham, J.H. (eds.) Compendium of Citrus Diseases. APS Press, St. Paul MN. pp. 23-25.

Parkinson, N., Cowie, C., Heeney, J., and Stead, D. 2009. Phylogenetic structure of Xanthomonas determined by comparison of gyrB sequences. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 59:264-274.

Timmer, L.W., Solel, Z. and Orozco-Santos, M. 2000. Alternaria Diseases. In Timmer, L.W., Garnsey, S.M. and Graham, J.H. (eds.) Compendium of Citrus Diseases. APS Press, St. Paul MN. pp. 19-20.

Seif, A.A. 2000. Phaeoramularia Fruit and Leaf Spot. In Timmer, L.W., Garnsey, S.M. and Graham, J.H. (eds.) Compendium of Citrus Diseases. APS Press, St. Paul MN. pp. 29-30.

Whiteside, J.O. 2000. Chimeras and Mutations. In Timmer, L.W., Garnsey, S.M. and Graham, J.H. (eds.) Compendium of Citrus Diseases. APS Press, St. Paul MN. pp. 81.